Anti-transpirant: A spray, usually water based, that when applied to the canes and leaves of a rose
bush will keep it from dehydrating. Oil based sprays might burn foliage during the growing season.
Antique rose: A casual term used to describe old roses. Old garden roses after 1867.
ARS: American Rose Society, PO Box 30,000, Shreveport, LA 71130. An association of over 20,000
rose enthusiasts, dues include a subscription to The American Rose magazine.
Asexual reproduction: 1. Reproduction by cloning. 2. The means by which hybrid roses are
reproduced through either budding or growing a cutting on its own roots.
Balling: The inability of a bud to open into a bloom because excess moisture has caused the petals to
stick together.
Bareroot: Any plant presented in a dormant state without soil on its roots.
Basal break: vigorous new shoots that emerge directly from the Bud Union. That part of the rose
that should be spared when pruning at the expense of older, less vigorous growth.
Blackspot: Disease caused by the fungus Marssonina rosae that manifests itself during warm, humid
weather. Symptoms start as black spots on the leaves.
Blind shoot: A stem that fails to develop a bud, often in response to low light and temperature levels.
Bordeaux mixture: A mixture of copper sulfate, lime and water used as a fungicide to control downy
mildew and other fungal diseases.
Bud (Flower): The swollen portion at the end of a stem that will mature into a flower.
Bud eye: The swollen area found near the union of the leaf with the stem that will grow into a new
stem.
Bud union: The swollen area at the top of the shank from which new canes (basal breaks) emerge.
Budding: A means of propagating a hybrid rose in which a bud eye of one rose is inserted under the
bark of a rootstock so that the vigor of the roots will cause the budeye to grow.
Budwood: Mature or semi-mature stems harvested as a source of bud eyes for new propagation.
Calyx: The group of tough outer petals that protect the bud before it opens. Individually these petals
are called sepals.
Cane: The supportive branches of a rose bush. Canes are distinguished from stems in that they have
hardened and have greater caliper.
Climbing Rose: The name given to the climbing form of a bush rose, roses originate in a climbing
form.
CLuster-flowered rose: The name used to describe the roses that are floribundas.
Cornell Formula: A fungicide mixture made of household ingredients: baking soda, vinegar, water,
and vegetable oil.
Cultivar (aka: variety): A cultivated variety selected for propagation based on specific characteristics,
such as form, fragrance, color, disease resistance. Wild or species roses are not cultivars.
David Austin: The contemporary British Hybridizer who originated the English Rose class.
Deadhead: A means of encouraging a faster repeat of bloom by removal of the spent blooms just
above a 5 leaflet set.
Disbud: The propagation of a larger individual bloom by the removal of young sidebuds or the
propagation of a larger spray by the removal of a central, dominant bud.
Double Rose: A rose form comprised of more than 24 petals.
Dr. Huey (aka: Huey): The dominant rootstock of the American garden rose trade.
English Rose: A new class of roses in which the repeat blooming habits of modern roses are
combined with the form and fragrance of old garden roses.
Epsom Salts: Magnesium sulfate. When used as a fertilizer, Epsom salts provides a ready source of
magnesium, which serves as the hub of the chlorophyll molecule.
Exhibition Rose: A rose that is recognized for its ability to produce classically shaped blooms atop
long stems of clean foliage for display in competitions.
5-Leaflet Set: Looking down the stem from the bud, a cut just above the first 5-leaflet set is the point
at which a spent bloom should be removed-as in dead heading.
Floribunda (aka: Cluster-flowering) A class of moder roses in which the blooms are presented in
clusters.
Fungicide: A spray intended to control the growth of roses diseases like mildew, rust and blackspot.
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